brain. Cravings are just the body's way of looking for more of the same. Unfortunately, smoking has been linked to several types of cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
2. Cocaine
Cocaine is a highly-addictive stimulant that is made from the leaves of the coca plant. Whether you call it "coke," "blow," or "nose candy," it gives the user a relatively brief, but very intense, high. This drug a
Mood is affected by the release of monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin and norepinephrine.
Lack of neurotransmission at central serotonergic or noradrenergic synapses causes depression.
CRF and depression
Hyperactive HPA axis enhances CRF transmission in the hypothalamus.
Increased arousal, decreased appetite, decreased sexual behavior, and increased heart rate and blood pre
and die in experimental animals. This degeneration of the hippocampus sets off a vicious cycle in which the stress response becomes more pronounced, leading to even greater cortisol release and more hippocampal damage. Human brain imaging studies have posttraumatic stress disorder, an anxiety disorder that is triggered by exposure to inescapable stress.
b.BDNF
Neurotrophinsand neurogenesis.
Histologically, the islets consist of three major and at least two minor cell types.
Beta cells, which synthesize and secrete insulin, make up about 60% of a typical islet.
Alpha cells are the source of glucagon, 30% of islet tissue.
Delta cell, which are less abundant, produce somatostatin.
F cells, which secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
Fifth cell type that secretes ghrelin.
Fifty cell typ
Motivational Enhancement Therapy
largely client centered
evoke from clients own motivation for change
consolidate a personal decision
alter the harmful use of drugs
principles of cognitive and social psychology
drug problems; under at least partial voluntary control of the client
Motivational Enhancement Therapy
counselor behaviors include
asking open-ended questions
reflective listen
∴ 전체의 0.6%이며, 남성의 0.4%, 여성의 0.7%가 외상 후 스트레스 장애(PTSD : Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)의 일개월유병율로 나와 있다. 이를 통하여 평생유병율, 일년유병율, 일개월유병율에서 여성이 남성보다 높은 것을 알 수 있다.
Ⅳ. Causes
외상 후 스트레스 장애(PTSD : Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)의 주
Psychosis in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a fairly common and vexing problem. Although it can occur at any stage of the illness, it is a particularly important issue for patients who are in the later stages of PD and have been chronically treated with anti-PD medications. The exact pathophysiology of PD-related psychosis remains a mystery. Neurochemical imbalances, sleep disturbances, and visual
Language & Brain development
Language development in children is related
to brain development
During the first 3 years of life, the human brain develops to 90% of its full adult growth
Neurolinguistics : The study of biological and neural foundations of language
Brain development sets up the order of language development in children
The critical period hypothesis
→ Ab
LESION CHARACTERISTICS
뇌 손상 후에 행동적 변화는 다양한 요인들로 결정됨
: 손상의 크기, 부위, 종류, 기간, 뇌의 연결성의 변화, 개인의 병전 능력과 경험, 장애의 발병시기(나이), 대뇌 dominance의 패턴, 문화 및 역사적 배경, life situation, psychological makeup 등
1) Diffuse and Focal Effects
Diffuse lesion
원인 : 감